RIG-I agonist
3p-hpRNA is a 5’ triphosphate hairpin RNA that was generated by in vitro transcription of a sequence from the influenza A (H1N1) virus, a single‑stranded negative‑sense RNA virus [1,2]. This 89-mer RNA oligonucleotide contains an uncapped 5’ triphosphate extremity and a double-strand fragment. 3p-hpRNA sequence self-anneals to form secondary structures such as hairpin or panhandle conformations. These structural features, which distinguish viral RNA from mammalian RNA, are recognized by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG‑I) [3,4]. RIG-I is a cytoplasmic RNA helicase that belongs to the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) family and triggers an antiviral immune response by the activation of type-I interferons (IFN-α and -β) [5].
To achieve stimulation of RIG-I, 3p-hpRNA must be delivered into the cytoplasm, for example by using a transfection agent, such as LyoVec™. Of note, this ligand induces stronger RIG-I responses than 5’ppp‑dsRNA, a fully synthetic RIG-I ligand.
Key Features of 3p-hpRNA:
- 3p-hpRNA is a specific RIG-I agonist
- Stronger RIG-I responses than 5’ppp‑dsRNA
- Its biological activity has been verified using our RLR reporter cell lines.
- For your convenience, pre-complexed 3p-hpRNA/LyoVec™ is also available.
COVID-19 related research
Type I interferons (IFNα/β) are the prototypical antiviral cytokines. Inducers of these cytokines, such as the RIG-I agonist, 3p-hpRNA a 5’ triphosphate hairpin RNA, can be used to study the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
References:
- Rehwinkel J. et al., 2010. RIG-I detects viral genomic RNA during negative-strand RNA virus infection. Cell. 140:397-408.
- Liu G. et al., 2015. Influenza A Virus Panhandle Structure Is Directly Involved in RIG-I Activation and IFN Induction. J Virol. 89(11):6067-79.
- Hornung V. et al., 2006. 5’-triphosphate RNA is the ligand for RIGI. Science. 314:994-7.
- Gebhardt A. et al., 2017. Discrimination of Self and Non-Self Ribonucleic Acids. Journal of IFN & Cytokine Research 37: 184-97.
- Yoneyama M. et al., 2015. Viral RNA detection by RIG-I-like receptors. Curr Opin Immunol. 32:48-53.
