Zymosan

Zymosan, an insoluble preparation of cell wall from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, activates macrophages via TLR2.

TLR2 cooperates with TLR6 and CD14 in response to zymosan [1].

Zymosan is also recognized by Dectin-1, a phagocytic receptor expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells, which collaborates with TLR2 and TLR6 enhancing the immune responses triggered by the recognition of Zymosan by each receptor [2].

References:

1. Ozinsky A. et al., 2000. The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between toll-like receptors. PNAS. 97(25):13766-71.
2. Gantner BN. et al., 2003. Collaborative induction of inflammatory responses by dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 2. J Exp Med. 197(9):1107-17.