ITE

ITE (2-(1' H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester) is a dietary-derived indole-based ligand of the cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor.

The pathways involved in ITE synthesis in vivo remain unclear [1]. ITE has been hypothesized to result from gastric conversion of glucobrassicins, a family of metabolites highly concentrated in cruciferous vegetables (such as broccoli and brussel sprouts), or from a condensation reaction between two amino acids, tryptophan and cysteine [1-3]. ITE is a potent AhR agonist both in vitro and in vivo, and unlike 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the prototypical AhR agonist, it does not induce toxicity [4].

InvivoGen's ITE is a high quality product (>95% purity) and is guaranteed free of bacterial contamination. Each lot of ITE is functionally tested in cellular assays using HepG2-Lucia™ AhR and HT29-Lucia™ AhR reporter cells.

Other AhR ligands, as well as an AhR antagonist are also available.

References:

1. Song J. et al., 2002. A ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor isolated from lung. Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99:14694-9.
2. Lamas B. et al., 2018. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and intestinal immunity. Mucosal Immunol. 11:1024-38.
3. Hubbard T.D. et al., 2015. Indole and tryptophan metabolism: endogenous and dietary routes to Ah receptor activation. Drug Metab. Dispos. 43:1522-35.
4. Henry E.C. et al., 2010. TCDD and a putative endogenous AhR ligand, ITE, elicit the same immediate changes in gene expression in mouse lung fibroblasts. Toxicol. Sci. 114:90-100.