Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), also known as tumor growth factor-beta, is a secreted cytokine that regulates numerous cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and migration[1, 2].
TGF-β exists in at least three isoforms; TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3. In the immune system, TGF-β1 is the predominant isoform [1].
It is produced by many cell types, including macrophages, in a latent form which is bound to two other polypeptides, latent TGF-β1 binding protein (LTBP) and latency-associated peptide (LAP).
Upon cleavage of these proproteins, the mature TGF-β1 is released. This mature protein can bind its cell surface receptors and initiate signaling.
Recombinant human TGF-β1 is intended for use in cell culture applications. It is produced in mammalian cells.
References:
- Travis MA. & Sheppard D., 2014. TGF-β activation and function in immunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 32:51-82.
- Taylor AW., 2009. Review of the activation of TGF-beta in immunity. J Leukoc Biol. 85(1):29-33.
