Bacterial ADP-Heptose is an intermediary sugar in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an essential component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It is generated by a multi-step biosynthesis pathway, in which the final step is the interconversion between two isomers, ADP-D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose and ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose, catalyzed by an epimerase enzyme (e.g. HldD). Importantly, synthetic forms of the D- and L- isomers of ADP-Heptose have been shown to trigger comparable NF-κB-dependent signaling in vitro [1-3].
InvivoGen has synthesized and readily provides both isomers:
- ADP‑L-Heptose– ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose (L‑isomer) NEW
- ADP-Heptose – ADP-D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose (D‑isomer)
Both isomers of ADP-Heptose have been identified as potent PAMPs from Gram-negative bacteria that bind to the cytosolic receptor, ALPK1 [1-3]. By binding to ALPK1, ADP-Heptose triggers the oligomerization of TIFA and the recruitment of TRAF6. Ultimately, this results in the activation of NF-κB and a strong pro-inflammatory response [1].
Key features:
- Potent LPS-intermediary metabolite produced by all Gram-negative bacteria
- Activates the cytosolic ALPK1-TIFA signaling pathway
- Easily penetrates the cell wall for delivery to the host cell cytoplasm
InvivoGen's ADP-Heptose (D- isomer) and ADP-L-Heptose are of the highest quality, guaranteed free of bacterial contamination, and have been functionally validated on HEK-Blue™ Null1-v cells. Additionally, to foster research into ADP-Heptose-dependent signaling, InvivoGen provides HEK-Blue™ KO-ALPK1 and HEK-Blue™ KO-TIFA cells.
References:
- Pfannkuch, L. et al. 2019. ADP heptose, a novel pathogen-associated molecular pattern identified in Helicobacter pylori. FASEB J, fj201802555R.
- Garcia-Weber, D. et al. 2018. ADP-heptose is a newly identified pathogen-associated molecular pattern of Shigella flexneri. EMBO Rep 19
- Zhou, P. et al. 2018. Alpha-kinase 1 is a cytosolic innate immune receptor for bacterial ADP-heptose. Nature 561, 122-126.
